Working with words
A. Pair the following words as opposites.
Despair : hope
Kind : cruel
Fresh : stale
Strange : familiar
Normal : eccentric
Fierce : gentle
Corrupt : honest
Selfish : generous
B. By adding a suitable suffix to each word in the table, form another word as in the examples below.
into noun
open-minded : open-mindedness
accommodate : accommodation
rehearse : rehearsal
transgress : transgression
angry : anger
mix : mixture
into adjective
pain : painful
differ : different
behave : behavior
remark : remarkable
indifferent : indifference
thought : thoughtful
into verb
less : lessen
sure : ensure
real : realize
glory : glorify
power : powering/powers
prison : prisoning/prisoned
C. Pronounce the following words with the help of a dictionary.
| Words | Pronouncation |
|---|---|
| Viewer | /ˈvjuːə/ |
| sure | /ʃɔː,ʃʊə/ |
| cure | /kjʊə,kjɔː/ |
| fluent | /ˈfluːənt/ |
| poor | /pɔː,pʊə/ |
| affluence | /ˈaflʊəns/ |
| flower | /ˈflaʊə/ |
| curious | /ˈkjʊərɪəs/ |
| tourist | /ˈtʊərɪst/ |
| allowance | /əˈlaʊəns/ |
| usual | /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ |
| intellectual | /ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl/ |
| visual | /ˈvɪʒ(j)ʊəl,ˈvɪzjʊəl/ |
| mature | /məˈtʃʊə/ |
| endure | /ɪnˈdjʊə,ɛnˈdjʊə,ɪnˈdʒɔː,ɛnˈdʒɔː/ |
| join | /dʒɔɪn/ |
| coin | /kɔɪn/ |
| boy | /bɔɪ/ |
| voice | /vɔɪs/ |
| noise | /nɔɪz/ |
| soil | /spɔɪl/ |
| hoist | /hɔɪst/ |
| moist | /mɔɪst/ |
| avoid | /əˈvɔɪd/ |
| toy | /tɔɪ/ |
| toilet | /ˈtɔɪlɪt/ |
| annoy | /əˈnɔɪ/ |
| enjoy | /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ,ɛnˈdʒɔɪ/ |
| poison | /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ |
comprehension
A. Write True or False after each statement. Give reason for your answer.
a. The author says his father was an ideal person in the family. False
He used to abuse his mother verbally and physically when he was drunk.
b. The author wanted to forgive his father but he did not get an opportunity. False
Because he had many pressure and stresses.
c. It’s worth forgiving a person if he/she realizes his/her mistakes. True
d. South Africa had dual type of education system in the 1960s. True
e. The author lived in a joint family. False
Because the author had only his wife and two children in his family.
f. The author regretted for not getting a chance to talk to his father. True
g. According to the author, all our glories and splendors are short lived. True
Answer the following questions.
a. What is the first human rights declaration adopted by the United Nations?
➜ The first human rights declaration adopted by the United Nations is mobilization for economic and social rights.
b. When is Human Rights Day observed?
➜ Human Rights Day is observed on 10th December every year.
c. What is the goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
➜ The goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is to provide a list of the most basic entitlements or key values like fairness, dignity, equality and respect that humans deserve thanks to being human itself. Furthermore, its aim is to assert the ” foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the in the world.”
d. What are two big stages that involve writing the history of human rights in relation to that of political economy?
➜ The two big stages that involve writing the history of human rights in relation to that of political economy are:
- The heroic age of national welfare after World War II.
- The bitter enemies of the new cold war era in 1948.
e. What are the facts that have been missed in Roosevelt’s call for a “second Bill of Rights”?
➜ The facts that have been missed in Roosevelt’s call for a “second Bill of Rights” are:
- First, it marked a characteristically provincial America’s Late and ginger entry into an already foreordained North Atlantic consensus.
- Second, his highest promise was not a floor of protection for the masses but the end of “special privileges for the few” – a ceiling on inequality.
- Lastly, Roosevelt certainly hoped it would span the globe but it was organized nationally, not internationally.
f. Write the truth expressed in Herodotus’s Histories.
➜ The truth expressed in Herodotus’ Histories is that global socio-economic justice, like local socio-economic justice, would require redistribution under pressure from the rich to the poor by novel forms of legal activism.
g. Why is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights important to you?
➜ The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is important to me as it works in favour of all human beings for their rights, justice, equality, equity by removing partiality, injustice, inequality, discrimination, and so on from society.
Grammar
A. Join the following pairs of sentences using when and while
a. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework. The doorbell rang.
i. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework when the doorbell rang.
ii. While Bibha Kumari was doing her homework, the doorbell rang.
b. I heard the telephone ring. I picked it up.
When I heard the telephone ring, I picked it up.
c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note. She was washing her pants.
i. While Dil Maya was washing her pants, she found a thousand rupee note.
ii. Dil Maya was washing her pants when she found a thousand rupee note.
d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker. He was visiting the market yesterday.
i. When Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker, he was visiting the market yesterday.
ii. While Tenjing was visiting the market, he gave his measurements to the dressmaker.
e. I was at the butcher’s shop. I met Harikala.
When I was at the butcher’s shop, I met Harikala.
f. The sales agent was dealing with the customer. A thief stole the jewels.
i. While the sales agent was dealing with the customer, a thief stole the jewels.
ii. The sales agent was dealing with the customer when a thief stole the jewels.
g. My small brother was sleeping. I played chess with my father.
i. While my small brother was sleeping, I played chess with my father.
ii. My small brother was sleeping when I played chess with my father.
h. The old lady fell down. She was climbing up the stairs.
i. When the old lady fell down, she was climbing up the stairs.
ii. The old lady fell down while she was climbing up the stairs.
i. The leader was giving a speech loudly. He lost his voice.
i. While the leader was giving a speech loudly, he lost his voice.
ii. The leader was giving a speech loudly when he lost his voice.
j. Kanchan broke her backbone. She was lifting up the load.
i. Kanchan was lifting up the load when she broke her backbone.
ii. While Kanchan was lifting up the load, she broke her backbone.
B. Fill in the blanks with one of the connectives from the box.
a. We didn’t go for a morning walk today since it was raining.
b. I wanted to go home early as I was not feeling well.
c. My brother stayed at home because of/ owing to his illness.
d. I was late in the class owing to traffic jams.
e. He didn’t like dogs so he was not happy when his wife brought a puppy at home.
f. He was not included in the team owing to his knee injury.
g. As I was tired, I went to bed early.
h. He was very unhappy since he lost one million rupees in share market.
i. We cancelled our trip to Rara Lake owing to the bad weather.
j. These two lines intersect with each because they are are not parallel lines.
